Ethics
Updated February 21, 2026
All manuscripts are evaluated using objective editorial criteria, reviewer expertise, and relevance to journal scope.
Editors and reviewers are expected to disclose conflicts of interest and recuse themselves where impartiality may be affected.
Authors must ensure that submissions are original, properly cited, and not simultaneously submitted to another publisher unless explicitly permitted.
Data fabrication, falsification, undisclosed AI-generated claims, and duplicate publication are treated as serious ethical violations.
Review feedback should be constructive, evidence-based, and aligned with accepted scholarly standards.
Confidential manuscript content must not be shared or reused outside the review process.
When material errors or ethical concerns are confirmed, the journal may issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions as appropriate.
Post-publication actions are documented to preserve the integrity and traceability of the scholarly record.